世衛組織呼籲全面落實煙草控制國際公約
2010-03-01 來源： 科學時報
新華社電 世界衛生組織總幹事陳馮富珍2月２６日在日內瓦呼籲各國全面落實《世界衛生組織煙草控制框架公約》，加大禁煙力度。
２月２７日是《世界衛生組織煙草控制框架公約》生效五周年紀念日。陳馮富珍在世衛組織為此舉行的紀念活動上發表講話說，自２００５年２月這一公約正式生效以來，迄今已有１６８個締約方。雖然該公約得到了廣泛贊同，但迄今為止，公約中規定的措施還遠未得到充分實施。例如，目前全球只有約５％的人口受全面無煙法律的保護。
陳馮富珍強調，近年來，發達國家吸煙人數呈下降趨勢，而許多發展中國家的煙草消費卻呈上升趨勢，這種現象令人不安。陳馮富珍表示，目前煙草消費在發展中國家持續增長，發展中國家已經成為煙草製品行銷的新陣地。然而，發展中國家傳染病治療負擔沉重，缺醫少藥，缺乏社會保障機制，它們缺乏足夠的資源和能力來應對由於煙草使用增加而必然導致的慢性病高發。因此，各締約方，尤其是發展中國家應該加強落實《世界衛生組織煙草控制框架公約》規定的力度。
２００５年２月２７日正式生效的《世界衛生組織煙草控制框架公約》從煙草定價和徵稅、廣告和標籤、銷售、非法貿易和二手煙等多個方面規定了實施煙草控制的國際標準和準則。
據世衛組織估計，全世界每年有５００萬人死於因吸煙引發的各類疾病，其中６０萬人死於被動吸煙。世衛組織預測，到２０３０年，全球直接或間接死於吸煙的人數將增長到８００萬。（楊伶）
世界衛生組織呼籲世界各國進一步推行禁煙
中國新聞社 | 2010-03-01
據路透社報道，世界衛生組織周五(26日)稱，各國政府應進一步努力，保護餐飲和娛樂行業員工免受煙草毒害，並主張抑制煙草廣告和贊助。
世衛組織稱，發展中國家已成為煙草公司的新陣地，且常常將消費群體鎖定女性，而富國的貧困人群吸煙率也居高不下。
該機構稱，全世界每年因吸煙造成各類疾病而死亡的人數超過500萬人。
世衛組織總幹事陳馮富珍指出，最令人憂心的是許多發展中國家吸煙率上升。
她指出，煙草行業“無情、陰暗、富裕且強大”。
許多國家在政府辦公樓和醫療衛生場所實行禁煙令，但娛樂和餐飲業實施禁煙的比例就低多了。
要抑制吸煙，最有效的途徑就是提高煙草稅，但目前只有21個國家的煙草稅超過煙草零售價的75%。
Anti-tobacco convention’s fifth anniversary
26 February 2010 — The fifth anniversary of world’s first global public health treaty, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provides a time to reflect on its achievements.
Listen to this episode – duration 00:06:04 [mp3 3.5Mb]
Transcript of the podcast
Veronica Riemer: You’re listening to the WHO podcast and my name is Veronica Riemer. In this episode we look at the achievements of WHO’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is the world’s first global public health treaty. This internationally co-ordinated response to combating the tobacco epidemic entered into force in February 2005 and has just celebrated its 5th anniversary. Today 167 countries plus the European Community have signed up to the Convention. It aims to reduce the demand and supply of tobacco through a number of measures, such as protection from exposure to tobacco smoke, curbing tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and educating people to the dangers of the smoking habit.
Some years ago, tobacco company executives described WHO as the industry’s single biggest enemy. WHO’s Director-General Dr Margaret Chan gave us her reaction.
Dr Margaret Chan: We have always been extremely proud of this distinction and have actually worked really hard to improve our reputation. That distinction turned out to be farsighted. As time would tell, the industry’s biggest enemy had some truly big things in store.
As we all know, the tobacco industry is ruthless, devious, rich, and powerful. As we all know, neither WHO nor public health is rich, but with the Framework Convention now in place, we are indeed powerful.
As we mark this fifth anniversary, we are celebrating a true triumph of public health. We are also paying tribute to a model of international collaboration, for the sake of health protection, in a world of radically increased interdependence.
Veronica Riemer: Tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced with developing countries being the most vulnerable. They are the new frontier for the marketing of tobacco products. Mr Luiz Felipe de Seixas Correa, Ambassador of Brazil to the Vatican City was responsible for leading the Framework Convention negotiations.
Mr Luiz Felipe de Seixas Correa: Tobacco is by all means the deadliest substance widely available on earth. I firmly believe that the right to health is one of the core rights of any human being and that it should thus be actively ensured both at the national and international level.
We achieved an innovative, meaningful and effective public health instrument to curb the escalation of smoking and other forms of tobacco use in order to prevent tobacco related illness and death. The FCTC will mobilize governments worldwide to coordinate their policies in order to effectively deal with the many different requirements of tobacco control.
More than 9 lives are lost every single minute and 70% of them occur in the developing world. Such a tragic situation if allowed to continue will progressively set up another pattern of inequality between north and south; a fatal smoke screen, if I may call it so, that will further penalize the vast majority of mankind living in the developing world.
Veronica Riemer: Norway was the very first country to ratify the convention in 2003 and since then has been a very strong supporter of tobacco control. Mrs Bente Angell-Hansen, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Norway to the United Nations Office and other International Organizations at Geneva tells us why.
Mrs Bente Angell-Hansen: Norway with its long history of tobacco control has made use of the Convention and the process leading up to it in order to gain momentum for our national policy development and legislation. The process itself provided support to our prohibition of smoking in restaurants and bars that entered into force in 2004. During the last 10 years the percentage of the population smoking in Norway has been reduced by one third. Still however, 21% smoke on a regular basis – hence the job is also in my country is not yet done.
The national picture is influenced by the international one. The tobacco epidemic truly is a global one, meaning that no country can combat it alone. Even countries with advanced regulations and policy can risk to loose against multi national advertising, smuggling and illicit trade with tobacco products. The globalization of the epidemic has forced us to engage internationally to protect existing as well as future generations. We need strong instruments to curb this very serious health problem.
Veronica Riemer: That’s all for this episode of the WHO podcast. Thanks for listening. If you would like further information about the work of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, please see the links on the transcript page of this podcast.
For the World Health Organization, this is Veronica Riemer in Geneva.
Related links
– WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
– Tobacco Free Initiative
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澳門特別行政區政府衛生局
疾病預防控制中心
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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